Ethics - Rational Values

 

Utopian ethics bears a striking resemblance to Buddhist ethics in a fundamental aspect: both philosophies view individuals as inherently motivated by their own self-interest. This perspective emphasizes the idea that our choices, whether consciously or subconsciously, are driven by what we believe will bring us the most benefit.

 

As we delve deeper into the realm of ethics, we encounter a pivotal question: how should we conduct ourselves, especially when guided by the principles of reason?

 

Throughout history, a myriad of answers have arisen in response to this query, reflecting its profound significance in philosophical discourse. Regrettably, many of these responses fall into the trap of the Naturalistic Fallacy, which erroneously transitions from "is" (particularly relating to facts of nature or findings from evolutionary psychology) to "ought"—a path that lacks sound justification.

 

One viewpoint suggests adherence to "divine command," an approach championed by theologians who assert that moral imperatives originate from a higher authority. However, it is essential to recognize that this command is crafted by human interpretation. On the other hand, secular thinkers advocate for following our instincts or the prevailing norms of society. Yet, the former is merely a reflection of natural phenomena, while the latter is also a construct of human culture.

 

Rather than relying on these external influences, a robust ethical framework should take root in reason, guiding us toward a coherent understanding of our self-interest. Individuals often make choices based on the belief that these actions will yield personal benefits; indeed, we are all prompted by what we perceive to be in our best interest. Unfortunately, such perceptions can sometimes be misleading. We might engage in self-destructive behaviours, convinced they serve a purpose—be it rejecting a source of happiness, maintaining a toxic relationship, or stubbornly clinging to an addictive habit—while neglecting to recognize the harm they inflict.

 

Consequently, the primacy of reason calls for a deliberate and enlightened exploration of self-interest, with egoism serving as a blueprint for leading a fulfilling life.

 

The preservation of our volitional existence stands as the cornerstone of our values. Other vital elements that nurture our life and contribute to our overall happiness include maintaining both physical and mental health, seeking enjoyment, championing individuality, upholding honesty and integrity, fostering harmonious relationships with others, and striving to achieve our productive aspirations.

 

Any ideology that espouses sacrifice or pressures individuals to adhere to degrading rules under the guise of "morality"—as if morality is some exalted and unreachable ideal—must be unequivocally dismissed by Objectivism. There is no inherent conflict between the moral sphere and practical living, nor is there a separation between what is good and the fabric of our lives. Ethics serves as a vital means to a fulfilled existence; it is neither a religious obligation nor a burdensome duty.

 

In the words of David Kelley, "One does not live for the sake of being moral; one acts morally to make the most out of his life." - RoR: Forum.